{ "name": "Medical-Spa Regulation by U.S. State", "description": "Who can inject, supervision, medical-director, good-faith-exam, and ownership rules for medical spas in all 50 states + DC.", "source": "Inside MedSpa", "homepage": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/", "license": "Free to use with attribution and a link back to insidemedspa.com. Informational, not legal advice.", "attribution": "Data via Inside MedSpa — https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/", "updated": "2026-06-28T03:32:11.487Z", "count": 51, "states": [ { "state": "Alabama", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice not permitted", "medical_director": "Required for RN/LPN injectors; physician must supervise", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed for initial visit; in-person required", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO structure with physician medical director", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/non-physician ownership permitted with physician oversight", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/alabama/" }, { "state": "Alaska", "strictness": "Lenient", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN with minimal supervision requirements", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, RNs may inject with general physician oversight; specific delegation requirements are minimal", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may practice with broad autonomy; physician collaboration not strictly mandated", "medical_director": "Not explicitly required; physician involvement varies by practice structure", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person or telehealth permitted", "gfe_telehealth": "Allowed; telehealth good-faith exam is permitted for initial visit", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own and operate medical spas with minimal physician involvement", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; non-physician ownership and operation permitted", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/alaska/" }, { "state": "Arizona", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision or delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, RNs may inject under physician delegation; specific protocols required", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject with physician collaboration; independent practice limited", "medical_director": "Recommended; physician oversight strengthens compliance", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person or telehealth permitted under certain conditions", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional; telehealth allowed if physician-patient relationship established and appropriate for procedure", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO with physician medical director", "corporate_practice": "Moderate; MSO structures permitted with physician involvement", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/arizona/" }, { "state": "Arkansas", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, RNs may inject under physician supervision and delegation", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject with physician collaboration; independent practice not permitted", "medical_director": "Required for RN injectors; physician must supervise and delegate", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed; in-person good-faith exam required", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO structure with physician medical director", "corporate_practice": "Moderate; MSO structures permitted with physician oversight", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/arkansas/" }, { "state": "California", "strictness": "Strict", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician supervision and delegation; must work in facility with supervising physician present or on-call", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician supervision; independent practice not permitted for injectables", "medical_director": "Required; supervising physician must be on-site or on-call and responsible for all injections", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam mandatory before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed; California requires in-person evaluation before any aesthetic procedure", "ownership": "Physician-owned or physician-controlled MSO; non-physicians cannot own", "corporate_practice": "Strict; Corporate Practice of Medicine doctrine enforced—non-physicians cannot own or control medical decisions", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/california/" }, { "state": "Colorado", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision or delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation; RN may inject with written standing orders or protocol from supervising physician", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice for injectables not clearly permitted", "medical_director": "Required; physician must oversee the medical spa and delegate procedures", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam by physician or qualified provider before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional; telehealth GFE may be allowed if physician-patient relationship established and state rules permit—verify with Colorado Medical Board", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own with physician medical director; MSO model permitted", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; no strict CPOM doctrine; non-physicians may own with physician oversight", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/colorado/" }, { "state": "Connecticut", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision or delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation; RN may inject with written protocols and physician oversight", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician supervision; independent practice for injectables not permitted", "medical_director": "Required; physician must supervise and be responsible for all injectable procedures", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam by physician before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed; Connecticut requires in-person physician evaluation before aesthetic procedures", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own with physician medical director; MSO model permitted", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; no strict CPOM enforcement; non-physicians may own with physician oversight", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/connecticut/" }, { "state": "Delaware", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision or delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation; RN may inject with written standing orders from supervising physician", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice for injectables not clearly permitted", "medical_director": "Required; physician must oversee the medical spa and delegate procedures", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam by physician or qualified provider before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional; varies by board interpretation—verify with Delaware Medical Board", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own with physician medical director; MSO model permitted", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; no strict CPOM doctrine; non-physicians may own with physician oversight", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/delaware/" }, { "state": "District of Columbia", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision/delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice limited", "medical_director": "Required for medical spa operations", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person preferred, telehealth conditional", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional. Telehealth GFE allowed if physician-patient relationship established and clinical judgment supports it.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO/management structure with physician oversight", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/district-of-columbia/" }, { "state": "Florida", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician supervision and delegation; must follow Board of Nursing rules", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician supervision; independent practice not permitted for injectables", "medical_director": "Required; must be a licensed physician with active involvement", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam required before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed. Florida requires in-person good-faith exam before injectable treatment.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO/management structure with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted with physician oversight", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/florida/" }, { "state": "Georgia", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision/delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation; Georgia Board of Nursing permits RN injection under supervision", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician supervision; independent practice not permitted", "medical_director": "Required; must be a Georgia-licensed physician", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam required before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed. Georgia requires in-person good-faith exam.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO/management structure with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/georgia/" }, { "state": "Hawaii", "strictness": "Strict", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO only; NP/PA/RN injection not permitted", "rn_can_inject": "No; Hawaii does not permit RN injection of neurotoxins or fillers", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA cannot inject; physician collaboration required but does not permit independent or delegated injection", "medical_director": "Required; must be a Hawaii-licensed physician", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam required before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed. Hawaii requires in-person good-faith exam.", "ownership": "Physician-owned or MSO with active physician ownership/control; non-physician ownership severely restricted", "corporate_practice": "Strict; physician-owned or MSO with strict physician control", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/hawaii/" }, { "state": "Idaho", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA under physician supervision, RN under physician delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration/supervision", "medical_director": "Not explicitly required for medical spa, but physician oversight recommended", "good_faith_exam": "Good-faith exam required; in-person or telehealth allowed", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional. Telehealth GFE permitted if physician-patient relationship established and compliant with state telemedicine rules.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO or management agreement with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; non-physician ownership permitted via MSO/management structure", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/idaho/" }, { "state": "Illinois", "strictness": "Strict", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO only; RN/NP/PA may not inject neurotoxins or fillers", "rn_can_inject": "No; RNs cannot inject neurotoxins or fillers in Illinois", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA cannot inject neurotoxins/fillers; physician collaboration does not permit independent injection", "medical_director": "Medical director/supervising physician required", "good_faith_exam": "Good-faith exam required; in-person only", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed. In-person exam required before any treatment.", "ownership": "Physician-only or MSO with physician as controlling member", "corporate_practice": "Strict; Corporate Practice of Medicine enforced—physician ownership or MSO with physician control required", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/illinois/" }, { "state": "Indiana", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA under physician supervision, RN under physician delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and direct supervision", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician supervision and collaboration", "medical_director": "Medical director/supervising physician required for medical spa operations", "good_faith_exam": "Good-faith exam required; in-person or telehealth allowed under physician discretion", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional. Telehealth GFE permitted if physician-patient relationship established and compliant with Indiana telemedicine standards.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO or management agreement with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; non-physician ownership permitted via MSO/management structure with physician oversight", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/indiana/" }, { "state": "Iowa", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA under physician supervision, RN under physician delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician supervision and collaboration", "medical_director": "Medical director/supervising physician required for medical spa operations", "good_faith_exam": "Good-faith exam required; in-person or telehealth allowed under physician discretion", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional. Telehealth GFE permitted if physician-patient relationship established and compliant with Iowa telemedicine standards.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO or management agreement with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; non-physician ownership permitted via MSO/management structure with physician oversight", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/iowa/" }, { "state": "Kansas", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice varies by setting", "medical_director": "Required for medical spa operations; physician oversight mandatory", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed for initial aesthetic treatment; in-person required", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted with physician oversight", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/kansas/" }, { "state": "Kentucky", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation; scope varies by board interpretation", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice limited", "medical_director": "Required for medical spa; physician supervision mandatory", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person or telehealth allowed under certain conditions", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional; telehealth GFE may be allowed if physician-patient relationship established and in-person follow-up scheduled", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO structures permitted with physician oversight", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/kentucky/" }, { "state": "Louisiana", "strictness": "Strict", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA under physician supervision; RN scope limited", "rn_can_inject": "Limited or not permitted; varies by board interpretation — verify with counsel", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice not permitted", "medical_director": "Required; physician must be actively involved in medical spa operations", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed; in-person exam required", "ownership": "Physician-owned or MSO with physician as controlling member", "corporate_practice": "Strict; physician-owned or MSO with strong physician control", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/louisiana/" }, { "state": "Maine", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice limited", "medical_director": "Required for medical spa; physician oversight mandatory", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed; in-person exam required", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO structures permitted with physician oversight", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/maine/" }, { "state": "Maryland", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA under physician supervision, RN under physician delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "Require physician collaboration/supervision for injections", "medical_director": "Required for medical spa operations", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person preferred, telehealth conditional", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional. Telehealth GFE may be permitted if physician-patient relationship established and appropriate for procedure.", "ownership": "Non-physicians via MSO/management structure; physician-owned also permitted", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/maryland/" }, { "state": "Massachusetts", "strictness": "Strict", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO only; NP/PA/RN may not inject neurotoxins or fillers", "rn_can_inject": "No; RNs cannot inject neurotoxins or fillers in Massachusetts", "np_pa_authority": "Limited; NP/PA cannot independently inject; physician collaboration required for any delegated procedures", "medical_director": "Required; physician must be on-site or immediately available", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam mandatory before any treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed. In-person good-faith exam is mandatory before any injectable treatment.", "ownership": "Physician-only; non-physicians cannot own a medical spa", "corporate_practice": "Strict; Corporate Practice of Medicine doctrine enforced; physician ownership/control required", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/massachusetts/" }, { "state": "Michigan", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA under physician supervision, RN under physician delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision; scope varies by board interpretation", "np_pa_authority": "Require physician collaboration/supervision for injections", "medical_director": "Required for medical spa operations", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person preferred, telehealth conditional", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional. Telehealth GFE may be permitted if physician-patient relationship established and clinically appropriate.", "ownership": "Non-physicians via MSO/management structure; physician-owned also permitted", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/michigan/" }, { "state": "Minnesota", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA under physician supervision, RN under physician delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "Require physician collaboration/supervision for injections", "medical_director": "Required for medical spa operations", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person preferred, telehealth conditional", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional. Telehealth GFE may be permitted if physician-patient relationship established and clinically appropriate.", "ownership": "Non-physicians via MSO/management structure; physician-owned also permitted", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/minnesota/" }, { "state": "Mississippi", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA under physician supervision, RN under physician delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "Requires physician collaboration/supervision", "medical_director": "Recommended but not explicitly mandated by state board", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person preferred, telehealth varies by provider", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional. Telehealth GFE permitted in limited circumstances with physician discretion; verify with supervising physician.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO/management; physician ownership also permitted", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; non-physician ownership permitted via MSO/management structure", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/mississippi/" }, { "state": "Missouri", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA under physician supervision, RN under physician delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation; must be supervised by MD/DO", "np_pa_authority": "Requires physician supervision and collaboration", "medical_director": "Recommended; not explicitly mandated but standard practice", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person or telehealth permitted with physician discretion", "gfe_telehealth": "Allowed. Telehealth GFE permitted if physician determines it is appropriate for the specific treatment.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO/management; physician ownership also permitted", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; non-physician ownership permitted via MSO structure", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/missouri/" }, { "state": "Montana", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA under physician supervision, RN under physician delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "Requires physician supervision; independent practice not permitted for injections", "medical_director": "Recommended; not explicitly mandated by statute", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person preferred, telehealth case-by-case", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional. Telehealth GFE may be permitted for follow-up or specific treatments; in-person initial exam is preferred. Verify with supervising physician.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO/management; physician ownership also permitted", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; non-physician ownership permitted via MSO/management structure", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/montana/" }, { "state": "Nebraska", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA under physician supervision, RN under physician delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "Requires physician supervision and collaboration", "medical_director": "Recommended; not explicitly mandated by statute", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person or telehealth permitted with physician discretion", "gfe_telehealth": "Allowed. Telehealth GFE permitted if the supervising physician determines it is appropriate.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO/management; physician ownership also permitted", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; non-physician ownership permitted via MSO structure", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/nebraska/" }, { "state": "Nevada", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice limited", "medical_director": "Required for facilities offering injectable services", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person preferred, telehealth varies by board interpretation", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional. Telehealth GFE permitted in some contexts but in-person strongly preferred for injectables; verify with Nevada State Board of Medical Examiners.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO structure with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/non-physician ownership permitted under physician supervision", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/nevada/" }, { "state": "New Hampshire", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation; scope defined by Board of Nursing", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under collaborative agreement with physician; independent practice not permitted for injectables", "medical_director": "Required for medical spa operations", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person examination mandatory before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed. In-person good-faith exam required before any injectable treatment.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own with supervising physician; physician-only ownership also permitted", "corporate_practice": "Moderate; non-physician ownership permitted under physician supervision structure", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/new-hampshire/" }, { "state": "New Jersey", "strictness": "Strict", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA under physician supervision; RN injection scope limited", "rn_can_inject": "Limited; RN injection of neurotoxins/fillers requires explicit physician delegation and is not universally permitted—varies by board interpretation", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice not permitted", "medical_director": "Required; physician must be on-site or readily available", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person examination mandatory", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed. In-person good-faith exam required before injectable treatment.", "ownership": "Physician-owned or MSO with physician control; non-physician ownership severely restricted", "corporate_practice": "Strict; Corporate Practice of Medicine doctrine enforced—physician ownership or MSO with strong physician control required", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/new-jersey/" }, { "state": "New Mexico", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice permitted in limited contexts", "medical_director": "Required for medical spa operations", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person examination standard, telehealth GFE varies by context", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional. Telehealth GFE may be permitted in some contexts, but in-person is preferred for injectables; verify with New Mexico Medical Board.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO structure with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/non-physician ownership permitted under physician supervision", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/new-mexico/" }, { "state": "New York", "strictness": "Strict", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA under physician supervision, RN under physician delegation.", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under direct physician delegation and supervision.", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice not permitted for injectables.", "medical_director": "Required; physician must supervise all injectable procedures.", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam mandatory before treatment.", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed; in-person examination required.", "ownership": "Physician-owned or physician-supervised MSO; non-physician ownership restricted.", "corporate_practice": "Strict; physician ownership or MSO structure required.", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/new-york/" }, { "state": "North Carolina", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA with physician collaboration, RN under physician delegation.", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision; specific protocols required.", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice varies by board interpretation.", "medical_director": "Required for medical spa operations; physician oversight mandatory.", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person or telehealth allowed under certain conditions.", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional; telehealth GFE permitted if physician-patient relationship established and state guidelines met.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own with physician medical director; physician ownership not strictly required.", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted with physician involvement.", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/north-carolina/" }, { "state": "North Dakota", "strictness": "Lenient", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA independently or with collaboration, RN under delegation.", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation; RNs may inject with appropriate supervision.", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may practice with physician collaboration; some independent authority permitted depending on scope.", "medical_director": "Not strictly required; physician involvement varies by practice structure.", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person or telehealth permitted.", "gfe_telehealth": "Allowed; telehealth good-faith exam permitted for initial visits.", "ownership": "Open; non-physicians may own medical spas with physician involvement.", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; non-physician ownership permitted with appropriate medical oversight.", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/north-dakota/" }, { "state": "Ohio", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA under physician supervision, RN under physician delegation.", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation; RNs may inject with proper supervision and documentation.", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician supervision; collaborative agreement required.", "medical_director": "Required; physician must oversee medical spa operations and injectable procedures.", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam generally required, telehealth varies by board interpretation.", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional; telehealth GFE may be permitted in limited circumstances; verify with Ohio Medical Board.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own with physician medical director; physician ownership not required.", "corporate_practice": "Moderate; MSO structures permitted with physician involvement.", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/ohio/" }, { "state": "Oklahoma", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision/delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice limited", "medical_director": "Required for RN/LPN injectors; physician oversight mandatory", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person preferred, telehealth varies by board interpretation", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional. Telehealth GFE may be permitted for established patients or certain procedures; verify with Oklahoma Medical Board", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO or management agreement with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/oklahoma/" }, { "state": "Oregon", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision/delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation; specific training and protocols required", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician supervision; independent practice not permitted for injectables", "medical_director": "Required for facilities with non-physician injectors", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person examination generally required before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed. Oregon requires in-person good-faith exam before injectable procedures.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO or management agreement with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted with physician oversight", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/oregon/" }, { "state": "Pennsylvania", "strictness": "Strict", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO only; RN/NP/PA may not inject injectables", "rn_can_inject": "No; RNs cannot inject neurotoxins or fillers in Pennsylvania", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA cannot inject injectables; physician-only practice for neurotoxins/fillers", "medical_director": "Required; physician must be on-site or immediately available", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person examination mandatory before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed. Pennsylvania requires in-person good-faith exam; telehealth not permitted for initial injectable consultation.", "ownership": "Physician-only; non-physicians cannot own a medical spa", "corporate_practice": "Strict; Corporate Practice of Medicine enforced; physician ownership/control required", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/pennsylvania/" }, { "state": "Rhode Island", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision/delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision; specific protocols required", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice not permitted for injectables", "medical_director": "Required for facilities with non-physician injectors", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person examination generally required before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional. Telehealth GFE may be permitted for established patients or follow-up; verify with Rhode Island Department of Health.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO or management agreement with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted with physician oversight", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/rhode-island/" }, { "state": "South Carolina", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice varies by setting", "medical_director": "Required for non-physician-owned facilities", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person or telehealth allowed", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional. Telehealth GFE permitted if physician-patient relationship established and compliant with state telemedicine rules.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO or management agreement with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/south-carolina/" }, { "state": "South Dakota", "strictness": "Lenient", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation; no specific supervision requirement mandated", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may practice and inject with physician collaboration; independent practice permitted in some settings", "medical_director": "Not explicitly required by state statute for all facilities", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person or telehealth allowed", "gfe_telehealth": "Allowed. Telehealth GFE permitted if physician-patient relationship established and compliant with state telemedicine standards.", "ownership": "Open; non-physicians may own medical spas", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; no strict CPOM enforcement", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/south-dakota/" }, { "state": "Tennessee", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician supervision and delegation; specific protocols required", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice limited", "medical_director": "Required for facilities with non-physician injectors", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam generally required, telehealth varies by board interpretation", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional. Telehealth GFE may be permitted for established patients in limited circumstances; verify with Tennessee Medical Board.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO or management agreement with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Moderate; physician involvement required but MSO structures permitted", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/tennessee/" }, { "state": "Texas", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation; supervision requirements vary by board interpretation", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice limited", "medical_director": "Required for facilities with non-physician injectors", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam required before injection", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed. Texas Medical Board requires in-person good-faith exam before aesthetic injections.", "ownership": "Non-physicians may own via MSO or management agreement with supervising physician", "corporate_practice": "Moderate; physician involvement required but MSO structures permitted", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/texas/" }, { "state": "Utah", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision/delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice limited", "medical_director": "Required for RN/LPN injectors; physician must oversee", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person or telehealth allowed", "gfe_telehealth": "Allowed for initial visit with physician oversight", "ownership": "Non-physicians via MSO/management structure; physician-owned also permitted", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/utah/" }, { "state": "Vermont", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision/delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation; scope varies by board interpretation", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under collaborative agreement; independent practice not clearly permitted", "medical_director": "Required for delegated injection procedures", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person preferred, telehealth varies by interpretation", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional; verify with Vermont Medical Board for telehealth GFE acceptance", "ownership": "Non-physicians via management structure; physician-owned also permitted", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; management structures permitted with physician oversight", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/vermont/" }, { "state": "Virginia", "strictness": "Strict", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA under physician supervision; RN injection authority unclear/restricted", "rn_can_inject": "Unclear; likely restricted or prohibited without explicit physician delegation — verify with Virginia Board of Nursing", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration/supervision; independent practice not permitted", "medical_director": "Required; physician must oversee all aesthetic procedures", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person examination strongly preferred", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed; in-person good-faith exam required", "ownership": "Physician-owned or MSO with physician control; non-physician ownership restricted", "corporate_practice": "Strict; physician-owned or MSO with strong physician control", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/virginia/" }, { "state": "Washington", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD, DO, NP, PA, RN under physician supervision/delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision; scope defined by Board of Nursing", "np_pa_authority": "NP/PA may inject under physician collaboration; independent practice not clearly permitted", "medical_director": "Required for delegated procedures; physician must oversee", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person or telehealth allowed with physician oversight", "gfe_telehealth": "Allowed for initial visit with physician supervision", "ownership": "Non-physicians via MSO/management structure; physician-owned also permitted", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/washington/" }, { "state": "West Virginia", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA under physician supervision, RN under physician delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation and supervision", "np_pa_authority": "Require physician collaboration/supervision for injections", "medical_director": "Required for medical spa operations", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed; in-person exam required", "ownership": "Non-physicians via MSO/management structure or physician-owned", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/west-virginia/" }, { "state": "Wisconsin", "strictness": "Moderate", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA with physician collaboration, RN under physician delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation; specific training/protocols required", "np_pa_authority": "Require physician collaboration for medical spa injections", "medical_director": "Required for medical spa operations", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person exam before treatment", "gfe_telehealth": "Not allowed; in-person exam required", "ownership": "Non-physicians via MSO/management structure or physician-owned", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures permitted", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/wisconsin/" }, { "state": "Wyoming", "strictness": "Lenient", "who_can_inject": "MD/DO, NP/PA independently or with collaboration, RN under physician delegation", "rn_can_inject": "Yes, under physician delegation; minimal state-mandated restrictions", "np_pa_authority": "May practice and inject with physician collaboration; some independent authority", "medical_director": "Not strictly required; physician involvement varies by practice structure", "good_faith_exam": "Required; in-person or telehealth exam permitted", "gfe_telehealth": "Conditional; telehealth GFE allowed if physician-patient relationship established and compliant with telemedicine rules", "ownership": "Open; non-physicians may own medical spas with appropriate physician involvement", "corporate_practice": "Lenient; MSO/management structures widely permitted", "url": "https://insidemedspa.com/state-regulations/wyoming/" } ] }