Niacinamide

Vitamin B3 that strengthens skin barrier and reduces inflammation.

Also known as: Nicotinamide, Vitamin B3, INCI: Niacinamide

What it is

Niacinamide is a water-soluble form of vitamin B3 that is readily absorbed by skin. It's a precursor to NAD+, a coenzyme essential for cellular energy production and DNA repair.

What it does

Niacinamide strengthens the skin barrier by boosting ceramide and lipid synthesis, reduces sebum production, minimizes pore appearance, and has anti-inflammatory properties that calm redness and irritation. It also supports cellular energy metabolism and has mild antioxidant activity through NAD+ production, helping protect against oxidative stress.

The evidence

Strong clinical evidence supports its efficacy for barrier repair, sebum regulation, and reducing inflammation at 4–5% concentrations. Multiple peer-reviewed studies confirm benefits for acne-prone and sensitive skin; evidence for antioxidant protection is moderate and indirect (via NAD+ metabolism).

Best for

Oily, acne-prone, sensitive, and rosacea-prone skin; also beneficial for mature skin seeking barrier support and redness reduction.

Pairs well with

Hyaluronic acid, ceramides, peptides, retinol, and gentle actives like azelaic acid. Works synergistically with other barrier-supporting ingredients.

Use cautiously with

No major conflicts. Generally well-tolerated alongside most actives; avoid excessive layering with other high-concentration actives if skin is compromised.

Cautions

Very well tolerated; rare flushing at high doses (>100 mg oral). Topical use is safe in pregnancy and for sensitive skin; no sun-sensitivity concerns.